Aug 3rd 2014, 14:44:27
If you want to learn the game, I'd suggest joining the Free For All server. It allows you to play up to 16 countries, so you can try out multiple strategies. It also has the advantage of being a server with alliances, where you can join an alliance and get help from people in your alliance.
To give you the quick answer though:
All the governments have their advantages. The idea is to turn your country into a specialist, making one thing, and selling off the extra to get everything else you need. For a newbie, I'd suggest one of the following two strategies:
Farmer -- I'd use a democracy government because of the 0% market commissions, plus higher max technology. You'll build almost all farms, and sell extra food to buy military, tech (of which you'll want to focus on agricultural tech first and foremost), and to have the money to run turns (at some point you'll start to run a deficit).
Casher -- I'd use a republic government here because of the Per Capita Income bonus. Then you build primarily residences and enterprise zones, get large amounts of cash, and buy tech (business/residential), military, and food.
There are lots of other strategies, and there's a lot more to these strategies, but this should give you the basic starting point, and from there, if you join an alliance on either the Alliance or Free For All servers, or simply find some people to sort of mentor you, they can certainly help you with the specifics.